Eczema is a general term for a group of skin conditions that cause inflammation, dryness, and itchiness. The most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis, which is often seen in children but can also occur in adults. Other types of eczema include contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, and nummular eczema.
What causes eczema?
The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be due to
a combination of genetic and environmental factors. 1 People with eczema have a weakened skin barrier, which allows irritants 2 and allergens to enter the skin and trigger an inflammatory response.
What are the symptoms of eczema?
The symptoms of eczema can vary from person to person, but they typically include:
- Dry, itchy skin
- Redness
- Inflammation
- Small, raised bumps
- Thickened, leathery skin
- Cracks in the skin
- Oozing or bleeding
How is eczema treated?
There is no cure for eczema, but there are a number of treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments include:
- Moisturizers: Moisturizers help to restore the skin’s natural barrier and prevent dryness.
- Topical corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that can help to reduce inflammation and itching.
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors: Topical calcineurin inhibitors are another type of anti-inflammatory medication that can be used to treat eczema.
- Oral medications: In severe cases of eczema, oral medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be necessary.
- Light therapy: Light therapy is a treatment that uses ultraviolet (UV) light to improve eczema symptoms.
In addition to medical treatments, there are a number of lifestyle changes that can help to manage eczema symptoms. These include:
- Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers such as irritants and allergens can help to prevent eczema flare-ups.
- Keeping the skin cool and moist: Keeping the skin cool and moist can help to prevent dryness and itching.
- Taking lukewarm baths or showers: Hot water can dry out the skin, so it is important to take lukewarm baths or showers.
- Using gentle soaps and detergents: Harsh soaps and detergents can irritate the skin, so it is important to use gentle products.
- Wearing soft, loose-fitting clothing: Wearing soft, loose-fitting clothing can help to reduce irritation.
Eczema can be a frustrating condition to live with, but there are a number of treatments and lifestyle changes that can help to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life.
